Emissions have always been associated with automobiles. While in essence, your vehicle is a machine that is built for one purpose–burning fuel or combustion, the process however, cannot be completed without a resulting byproduct. In this case, that byproduct comes in the form of exhaust gases. Most vehicles have three major emissions and these are nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. These three things are most of the time not toxic. However, some other emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides are dangerous to both the environment and human health. Because of that, your auto is equipped with a Catalytic Converter to reduce the toxicity of these substances. Catalytic converters use two kinds of catalysts in order to work: the reduction catalyst and the oxidation catalyst. The idea behind catalytic converters is to expose the biggest catalyst area possible to the exhaust gases. These days, most automobiles use three–way catalytic converters to reduce emissions as much as possible. First, the exhaust gases go through the reduction catalyst. It basically uses rhodium and palladium to break down the nitrogen oxide emissions into oxygen and nitrogen. The second stage happens when oxidation catalyst oxidizes the hydrocarbons. This stage breaks down the hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide, reducing its toxicity at the same time. At the front end of the Catalytic Converter is an oxygen sensor that tells how much is oxygen is in the exhaust. This way, the computer can adjust the fuel and air mixture, so that unburned fuel is minimized.

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